\(a.Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ b.Chấtrắnkhôngtan:Cu\\ \%m_{Cu}=54,24\%\\ Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+2y=\dfrac{91,25.20\%}{36,5}\\56x+24y=23,6-12,8\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,15\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=35,59\%\\\%m_{Mg}=10,17\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

nH₂ = \(\frac{3,36}{22,4}\)= 0,15 mol
Fe + 2HCl➞ FeCl2 + H2
0,15 0,15
=> mFe = 0,15.56=8,4 gam
Cu không tác dụng với HCl
=> mCu = 10 - mFe = 1,6 gam
=> %mFe = \(\frac{8,4}{10}\) = 84 %
=> %mCu = 100 - 84 = 16 %

nH2 = 3.36/22.4 = 0.15 mol

Fe +2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2

0.15__________0.15____0.15

mFe = 8.4 g

mCu = 1.6g

%Fe = 84%

%Cu = 16%

mFeCl2 = 19.05g

\(n_{H2}=\frac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,25\left(mol\right)=>m_{H2}=0,5\left(g\right)\)

m dd sau pư =\(m_{KL}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{Crắn}-m_{H2}\)

\(=10,8+91,25-0,5-12,8=88,75\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{MgCl2}=\frac{0,1.95}{88,75}.100\%=10,7\%\)

\(C\%_{AlCl3}=\frac{0,15.133,5}{88,75}.100\%=22,56\%\)

C1 : 

- Hòa tan hh vào dd HCl : 

Mg + 2HCl => MgCl2 + H2 

Fe + 2HCl => FeCl2 + H2 

X : MgCl2 , FeCl2 , HCl dư 

Y : Cu 

Z : H2 

- Dung dịch X + NaOH : 

MgCl2 + 2NaOH => Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl

FeCl2 + 2NaOH => Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl 

Kết tủa T : Mg(OH)2 , Fe(OH)2 

- Nung T : 

Mg(OH)2 -to-> MgO + H2O 

4Fe(OH)2 + O2 -to-> 2Fe2O3 + 4H2O

Chất rắn : MgO , Fe2O3

C2:

Đặt : nCl2 = x (mol) , nO2 = y (mol) 

nA = x + y = 0.6 (mol) (1) 

m_Cl2 + m_O2 = 48.15 - 19.2 = 28.95 (g) 

=> 71x + 32y = 28.95 (2) 

(1),(2) : 

x = 0.25 , y = 0.35 

Đặt : nMg = a (mol) , nAl = b (mol) 

Mg => Mg+2 + 2e 

Al => Al+3 + 3e 

Cl2 + 2e => 2Cl-1 

O2 + 4e => 2O2- 

BT e : 

2a + 3b = 0.25*2 + 0.35*4 = 1.9 

mB = 24a + 27b = 19.2 

=> a = 0.35 

b = 0.4 

%Mg = 0.35*24/19.2 * 100% = 43.75%

na+2h20->2naoh+h2

n_h2=4.48/22.4=0.2mol

->n_Na=0.2mol

bt e

2n_Mg+3nAl=2*0.275

bt kl

24n_Mg+27n_Al=6.15

->nMg=0.2mol

nAl=0.05mol

->kl tung cai roi tinh phan tram

a) \(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3-^{t^o}\rightarrow Fe_2O_3+3H_2O\)

\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2-^{t^o}\rightarrow CuO+H_2O\)

Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol Fe(OH)3 và Cu(OH)2 

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}107x+98y=20,5\\160.\dfrac{x}{2}+80y=16\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> x= 0,1 ; y=0,1

=> \(\%m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,1.107}{20,5}.100=52,2\%\)

\(\%m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=47,8\%\)

b) \(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6H_2O\)

\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+2H_2O\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1.\dfrac{3}{2}+0,1=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25.98}{20\%}=122,5\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddsaupu}=20,5+122,5=143\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.400}{143}.100=13,97\%\)

\(C\%_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.160}{143}.100=11,19\%\)

c) \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)

\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)

\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,05\left(mol\right);n_{CuO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,05.3+0,1=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{ddH_2SO_4\left(pứ\right)}=\dfrac{0,25.98}{20\%}=122,5\left(g\right)\)

=> \(m_{ddH_2SO_4\left(bđ\right)}=122,5.110\%=134,75\left(g\right)\)

\(Đặt:n_{Al}=u\left(mol\right);n_{Fe}=v\left(mol\right)\left(u,v>0\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{17,92}{22,4}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+56u=22\\1,5a+u=0,8\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,4\\u=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,4.27=10,8\left(g\right);m_{Fe}=56.0,2=11,2\left(g\right)\\ n_{HCl}=2.0,8=1,6\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl}=1,6.36,5=58,4\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{58,4.100}{25}=233,6\left(g\right)\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

x           3x             x             1,5x

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

y         2y              y          y

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=22\\1,5x+y=\dfrac{17,92}{22,4}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,4\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(m_{Al}=0,4\cdot27=10,8g\)

\(m_{Fe}=22-10,8=11,2g\)

\(m_{HCl}=36,5\cdot\left(3x+2y\right)=36,5\cdot\left(3\cdot0,4+2\cdot0,2\right)=58,4g\)

\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{m_{HCl}}{C\%}\cdot100\%=\dfrac{58,4}{25\%}\cdot100\%=233,6g\)